Planting
The quality and validity of data depend strongly upon healthy shrubs, so you should observe the following practices to insure their health.
1. As soon as you get the plant, soak the roots in a pail of water for a few hours.
2. Dig a hole deep enough to just cover the roots and wide enough so you can spread roots horizontally.
3. Mix about 1/2 cup of bone meal or superphosphate into the soil in which the plant is going to be planted. In heavy clay soils or in very sandy soils, add equal parts of peat moss or compost to backfill soil to improve growing conditions.
4. Water the new transplant, until soil is soaked, at least once a week for the first month.
5. Apply either a dry fertilizer such as 10-10-10 or a liquid soluble one during the first growing season, according to label directions.
Annual care
1. Spread 1 cup (1/8 Ib or 50 g) of 5-10-10 fertilizer or its equivalent evenly around each plant. Shrub fertilizer stakes may be used instead.
2. Keep the soil within 30 cm (1 ft) of the base of each plant free of grass and weeds with a mulch of peat moss, bark, well-rotted sawdust, wood chips, or similar organic material.
3. During a long dry period, you may have to water the plants.
Pruning
Plants should be pruned every 5-10 years to maintain good shape. Prune lilacs immediately after bloom in spring because the following year flower buds are formed on new wood that grows after bloom. Avoid fall pruning because it will destroy the buds for the next year. Old, dried-up flowers may be cut off if desired so that the shrubs do not look unsightly.
Honeysuckle, on the other hand, should be pruned when plants are dormant. However, midwinter pruning is advised only in warm climates where plants do not lose their leaves in winter. A general rule is to prune a month before the plant normally begins to leaf out or about 6 weeks before it reaches first leaf stage.
For both species, one or more of the older main stems at the base of the plant may be removed and some, or all, of the remaining stems trimmed back to maintain the size and shape desired. Never remove more than 1/3 of the plant at any one time.
Pests
Lilacs and honeysuckle are relatively resistant to insects and diseases. Occasionally they may be affected by powdery mildew, leaf spot, scale, or aphids. Control measures rarely are needed except for scales (lilacs) or aphids (honeysuckle). Should these diseases or insects become serious, regular applications of a pesticide may be necessary. Contact the Agricultural Extension Service in your state, province, or county for the latest control recommendations.
Protection
Place a wooden or metal stake beside each new plant to indicate clearly its location. This will help to prevent accidental damage by lawn mowers or people. In some locations rodents, such as rabbits and mice, may severely damage the plants. Wire-mesh guards around the base of the plants help to control such damage.
For winter protection in areas of little snowfall, 2 to 4"; (5 to 10 cm) of mulch around the base of each plant will protect its roots from frost damage. To prevent breakage from ice, wrap stems together loosely with twine or place burlap (such as from a feed bag) on a frame over the plant. Do not use plastic.
