MASLOW, core characteristics

A. BASIC NEEDS (deficiency needs, pre-potent needs), are ordered in a hierarchy. This means that the lowest ranking needs (ex, 1) must be satisfied before higher ranking needs (ex.,2) can be attended to.

1. PHYSIOLOGICAL- food, water, sleep, sex, etc.

2. SAFETY- security, avoid pain

3. BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE- intimacy, affection, friendship

4. ESTEEM-achievement, recognition, status

All basic needs must be satisfied before a person can attend to:

B. GROWTH NEEDS (a.k.a. meta-needs), no hierarchy here.

FULFILL POTENTIALS

UNDERSTANDING

MEANING BEING-LOVE

PEAK EXPERIENCES

C. TRANSCENDENCE NEEDS, the highest needs, no hierarchy.

TRANSCEND ONE’S SELF,

CONTRIBUTE TO SOCIETY,

A SENSE OF OBLIGATION TO OTHERS BASED ON ONE’S GIFTS,

A SENSE OF COMMUNITY.

Some additional differences between GROWTH needs and BASIC needs:

GROWTH NEEDS***************V.S.******************BASIC NEEDS

Accepts and welcomes tension****************************Rejects tension

Independent of the environment*******************Dependent on the environment

Being-love (B-love)*********************************Deficiency-love (D-love)

Peak experiences occur******************************No peak experiences

DEVELOPMENT, Maslow has no substantial theorizing on important developmental experiences.

PERIPHERY

ACTUALIZING people have the following characteristics:

1. Superior perception of reality

2. Acceptance of self and others

3. Spontaneity

4. Desire for privacy

5. Sense of independence and autonomy

6. A vivid and fresh appreciation of reality

7. Task-orientation, not self-centeredness

8. Vivid mystical or religious experiences

9. Increased identity with humanity

10. Intimate emotional relationships with a few people

11. Democratic values and attitudes

12. No confusion of means and ends

13. A sense of humor that is philosophical, not hostile

14. Creativity

15. Resistance to conformity

16. A transcendence of the environment, rather than just coping.

There are 2 forms of psychopathology:

A. NEUROSIS, which is a deficiency disease. The basic needs are not adequately gratified.

There are ungratified wishes for many of the basic needs, for example:

safety

belongingness

identification

love

respect

prestige

B. METAPATHOLOGY

The Basic needs are fulfilled (satisfied), but growth needs are frustrated, producing the following:

alienation

anguish

apathy

cynicism

boredom

lack of meaning

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