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CARL JUNG’S THEORY--

The above diagram will make more sense after I introduce the core elements of the theory.

I. The EGO, which is the conscious mind. It contains every thing we are aware of in our conscious.

II. The PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS. The contents of it are called COMPLEXES.

III. The COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS. The contents of the collective unconscious are called ARCHETYPES.

Examples of archetypes are 1) The Shadow, 2) Anima-Animus, 3) Persona, and 4) The Self-the midpoint of Personality. Archetypes are also called “Dominants”, “Imagoes”, or “Primordial Images”. An archetype is a universal form or predisposition to characterize thoughts or feelings. Archetypes are inherited through the collective unconscious. Archetypes represent the memories of our ancestors, which we inherit. Thus we all have a “Mother” archetype. It leaves us predisposed to know what it is like to both “mother” and “to be mothered”.

The Mandella is a symbolic representation of Personality according to Jung, with the SELF in the Center. All the other elements of Personality would be arranged around the rim of the Mandella. Each one of these peripheral elements on the rim would have a line drawn between it and the Self in the center. A good graph would also have a big circle on the outside connecting all the outside elements together. Thus a good representation of a Mandella would be a wagon wheel.

Each of the elements in Personality shares in the overall energy, which is called LIBIDINAL energy.

DEVELOPMENT

There are three stages of development in Jung’s theory.

I. SURVIVAL- 1-5 years of age.

II. INDIVIDUATION, from 6 to 40 years of life.

During Individuation the different elements around the rim of the mandella are not equal in energy. The elements with more energy have more influence on the self. There are a lot of energy shifts now. At different times different elements have dominance in influencing the self.

The energy shifts often occur according to the PRINCIPLE OF OPPOSITES. The number of potential conflicts over energy among the elements on the rim is unlimited-energy can move in a variety of directions.

For example, Ego versus Personal Unconscious, Persona versus Shadow, Persona versus Anima-Animus, Biological gender versus Animus-Anima, Introversion versus Extraversion (see below).

There are two other energy principles:

A. Equivalence: A change in energy in 1 part of a system will result in a change in another part.

B. Entropy: The distribution of energy in a system seeks a state of equilibrium (ballance).

III. TRANSCENDENCE, from 40 yrs. till death.

In Transcendence the elements are almost eqal in energy. The Self can be influenced by all elements of Personality.

ADULT PERSONALITY TYPES

There are 4 functions, 2 rational and 2 irrational.

RATIONAL

A. Thinking (2)--Logical understanding, classification, comprehension of the world

B. Feeling (3)--Evaluation of an event (Good vs. Bad, Pleasure vs. Pain)

IRRATIONAL

A. Sensing (1)--Sensory perception in an open, non-evaluative way

B. Intuiting (4)--Perception of underlying meaning, latent ideas

The numbers 1-4 refer to the firing order of the functions. Sensing, Thinking, Feeling, and Intuiting.

There are also 2 ATTITUDES

A. Introversion, oriented toward the internal world., and

B. Extraversion, oriented toward the external world.

4 FUNCTIONS X 2 ATTITUDES = 8 ADULT PERSONALITY TYPES.

INTROVERTED THINKING

INTROVERTED FEELING

INTROVERTED SENSING

INTROVERTED INTUITING

EXTRAVERTED THINKING

EXTRAVERTED FEELING

EXTRAVERTED SENSING

EXTRAVERTED INTUITING

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Neuroses are caused by a strong imballance when one element of personality has continued dominance over the self, and the other elements are repressed.

Psychoses occur when repressed and unconscious forces overpower consciousness.

STAGES OF THERAPY

1. Confession

2. Elucidation

3. Education

4. Transformation

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