MASLOW
A. BASIC NEEDS (deficiency needs,
pre-potent needs), are ordered in a hierarchy. This means that the lowest
ranking needs (ex, 1) must be satisfied before higher ranking needs (ex., 2)
can be attended to.
1. PHYSIOLOGICAL- food, water, sleep, sex,
etc.
2. SAFETY- security, avoid pain
3. BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE- intimacy, affection,
friendship
4. ESTEEM-achievement, recognition,
status
All basic needs must be
satisfied before a person can attend to:
B. GROWTH NEEDS (a.k.a. meta-needs), no
hierarchy here.
FULFILL POTENTIALS
UNDERSTANDING
MEANING
BEING-LOVE
PEAK EXPERIENCES
C. TRANSCENDENCE NEEDS, the highest needs, no
hierarchy.
TRANSCEND ONE’S SELF,
CONTRIBUTE TO SOCIETY,
A SENSE OF OBLIGATION TO
OTHERS BASED ON ONE’S GIFTS,
A SENSE OF COMMUNITY.
Some additional differences
between GROWTH needs and BASIC needs:
GROWTH NEEDS***VS.***BASIC NEEDS
Accepts and welcomes---vs.---- Rejects tension tension
Independent of the -------vs.---Dependent on the
environment the environment
Being-love (B-love)---vs.---Deficiency-love
(D-love)
Peak experiences----vs.----No peak experiences
ACTUALIZING people have the
following characteristics:
1. Superior perception of
reality
2. Acceptance of self and
others
3. Spontaneity
4. Desire for privacy
5. Sense of independence and
autonomy
6. A vivid and fresh
appreciation of reality
7. Task-orientation, not
self-centeredness
8. Vivid mystical or
religious experiences
9. Increased identity with humanity
10. Intimate emotional
relationships with a few people
11. Democratic values and
attitudes
12. No confusion of means
and ends
13. A sense of humor that is
philosophical, not hostile
14. Creativity
15. Resistance to conformity
16. A transcendence of the environment, rather than just coping.
There are 2 forms of
psychopathology:
A. NEUROSIS, which is a deficiency
disease. The basic needs are not adequately gratified.
There are ungratified wishes
for many of the basic needs, for example:
Safety
Belongingness
Identification
Love
Respect
Prestige
B. METAPATHOLOGY
The Basic needs are fulfilled (satisfied), but
growth needs are frustrated, producing the following:
alienation
anguish
apathy
cynicism
boredom
lack of meaning