College of Letters and Science Faculty Document No. 719
October 13, 2005

Recommendation of the L&S Program and Curriculum Committee to Grant the Request for Authorization to Implement an M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership

Recommendation:

That the L&S Faculty recommend to the Dean approval of the request for authorization to implement a Master of Science in Nonprofit Management and Leadership as outlined below.

Rationale:

See below, especially section 2.1.

 

* * * * * * *

Request for Authorization to Implement a Master of Science in Nonprofit Management and Leadership Degree Program

  1. PROGRAM IDENTIFICATION

    1.1   1.1 Title of Proposed Program

    Master of Science (M.S.) in Nonprofit Management and Leadership
    1.2-1.3   Department, College, School, or Functional Equivalent

    The proposed Master of Science degree will be jointly offered and presented by the College of Letters and Science and the School of Business Administration at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM). A multi-disciplinary committee of faculty members appointed by the two deans will carry out faculty governance functions for the proposed program. The Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management will provide administrative support for the program.
    1.4   Timetable for Initiation

    Fall 2006
  2. CONTEXT

    2.1 History of Program

    The origins of the proposed Master of Science (M.S.) in Nonprofit Management and Leadership at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee are to be found in the Greater Milwaukee community and the growing fields of nonprofit management and leadership education and philanthropic studies. Beginning in the late 1990s, foundation officials and leaders of other Milwaukee-area nonprofit organizations proposed that the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) develop an array of educational programs--including a multi-disciplinary master's degree program in nonprofit management and leadership-that would be designed specifically for managers and leaders of nonprofit organizations.

    University officials welcomed this interest and, beginning in 1999, began to work with leaders of Milwaukee-area nonprofit organizations first to explore the feasibility of, and then to plan, a "center for nonprofit management education" at UWM modeled on the successful nonprofit academic centers and programs that increasingly over the 1980s and 1990s have been established at other colleges and universities outside the State of Wisconsin.

    In July 2001, UWM established the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management to provide administrative support for these educational programs (and related research and service programs) at the University (see Appendix A for a brief description of the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management). Shortly thereafter, a multi-disciplinary group of faculty members began meeting to develop curricula, first for a Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management program that began operations in the fall of 2003, and then for this proposed M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership degree program.

    The rationale for establishing this new multi-disciplinary M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership degree program at UWM is based on two major trends and developments. First, the size and importance of the nonprofit sector in the Greater Milwaukee area, across America, and around the world have increased rapidly over the past 25 years. There now are more than 1.6 million nonprofit organizations in the United States employing 12.5 million people and accounting for approximately 10 percent of the gross domestic product. The growth rate of the nonprofit sector has exceeded the growth rates of both the for-profit and government sectors. Over the twenty-year period from 1977 to 1997, total inflation-adjusted revenues generated by nonprofit sector organizations in the United States increased 144 percent compared to an inflation-adjusted increase in the overall U.S. gross domestic product of just 81 percent.1

    Similarly, in Wisconsin in recent years, the nonprofit sector has been growing faster than the overall state economy and now is generating annually $34 billion in economic activity and employing more than 240,000 people-9 percent of the totals statewide. In the four-county Greater Milwaukee area alone, nearly 76,000 people are employed by nonprofit organizations.2

    Second, the number of graduate-level educational programs for nonprofit managers and leaders has grown rapidly since the early 1980s. More than 100 colleges and universities across the United States now offer such programs. Currently, forty of these universities and colleges-including the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee--are members of the Nonprofit Academic Centers Council, an association formed in 1991 to serve as the principal forum for these nonprofit academic centers and programs in North America.3 Moreover, there is a rapidly growing body of scholarly and applied research coming from a wide range of academic disciplines to support these educational programs. There are two multi-disciplinary scholarly associations in the field: the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA) with more than 1000 members and the International Society for Third Sector Research (ISTR) with more than 600 members. Three major scholarly journals are being published: Nonprofit Management and Leadership, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, and Voluntas.

    The coursework for the proposed M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership degree program builds on courses now offered as part of three graduate-level programs with a focus on nonprofit management that already exist at UWM:

    • a nonprofit "concentration" (established in 2000) as an option within the Master of Public Administration (M.P.A.) program;
    • a nonprofit "track" (established in 2000) as an option within the Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) program;
    • a Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management program (established in 2003) that is offered as a "stand alone" program for students not wishing to pursue another master's degree or in combination with other degree programs at UWM (see the following section).

    2.2 Instructional Setting of Program

    The proposed program will be sponsored by the College of Letters and Science and the School of Business Administration at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management will provide administrative support for the program.

    Faculty governance functions for the proposed program will be carried out by a multi-disciplinary Nonprofit Management Program Faculty Committee appointed by the Deans of the College of Letters and Science and the School of Business Administration (see Appendix B for the structure and functions of the Nonprofit Management Program Faculty Committee). All future changes to the program must be approved by this faculty committee and the appropriate faculty groups in both the College of Letters and Science and the School of Business Administration.

    The graduate courses that make up the proposed M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership also will facilitate the development of new graduate-level programs. These new programs-together with the three existing programs described in the previous section--will enhance the opportunities for prospective students to choose graduate programs that closely match their own professional career interests. Examples of these possible new programs are:

    • a Graduate Certificate in Arts Management to be developed in cooperation with faculty members from the Peck School of the Arts at UWM for students interested in careers in nonprofit arts and cultural organizations;
    • a new program combining a Master of Urban Studies degree and a Certificate in Nonprofit Management to be developed in cooperation with faculty members from the Urban Studies Program in the College of Letters and Science at UWM for people wishing to pursue careers in a wide variety of types of nonprofit organizations in urban settings;
    • a new program combining a Master of Social Work (M.S.W.) degree with a Certificate in Nonprofit Management to be developed in cooperation with faculty members of the Helen Bader School of Social Welfare at UWM for people wishing to pursue careers in nonprofit social and human service organizations;
    • a new program combining a Masters of Administrative Leadership degree with a Certificate in Nonprofit Management to be developed in cooperation with faculty members of the School of Education at UWM for people wishing to pursue careers in nonprofit, independent schools; colleges; and universities.

    2.3 Relation to Mission Statement and Strategic Academic Plan

    The proposed Master of Science in Nonprofit Management and Leadership degree program is consistent with the mission of the University of Wisconsin System, the core mission of the doctoral cluster institutions (UW-Madison and UW-Milwaukee), and the select mission of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and it relates specifically to the following key elements of these mission statements:

    • from the mission of the University of Wisconsin System:

      " . . . to serve and stimulate society by developing in students heightened intellectual, cultural, and humane sensitivities; scientific, professional, and technological expertise; and a sense of purpose."

    • from the core mission of the doctoral cluster:

      "(b) Offer programs leading to professional degrees at the baccalaureate and post-baccalaureate levels."

      "(e) Encourage others in the University of Wisconsin System and in other state and national agencies to seek the benefit of the unique educational and research resources of the doctoral institutions."

      "(g) Support activities designed to promote the economic development of the state"

    • from the select mission of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee:

      "(d) To attract highly qualified students who demonstrate the potential for intellectual development, innovation and leadership for their communities."

      "(e) To further academic and professional opportunities at all levels for women, minority, part-time, and financially or educationally disadvantaged students."

      "(f) To establish and maintain productive relationships with appropriate public and private organizations at the local, state, national and international levels."

      "(g) To promote public service and research efforts directed toward meeting the social, economic, and cultural needs of the State of Wisconsin and its metropolitan areas."

      "(i) To provide educational leadership in meeting future social, cultural and technological challenges."

    The curriculum of the proposed master's degree program has been designed by a multidisciplinary group of faculty members specifically to meet the current and future needs of the managers, leaders, and other professional staff members and volunteers of a wide variety of types of nonprofit sector organizations. Collectively, the nonprofit organizations in which the graduates of this program will work constitute a vitally important part of the economic, social, and political fabric of our society. They include nonprofit health, education, social services, economic and community development, arts and culture, religious, environmental, international assistance, and many other types of organizations and associations that contribute to the economic development of the State of Wisconsin and enhance the quality of life of its residents.

    The proposed program also is fully consistent with UWM's Investment Plan and the "Milwaukee Idea," both of which call for the development of interdisciplinary programs that provide access for a new range of students. The proposed program (and the other multidisciplinary educational and research programs being developed and launched with the support of the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management at UWM) will contribute to scholarly exchange across traditional university school and college boundaries and with faculty members in other colleges and universities both within the University of Wisconsin System and elsewhere. It will also strengthen the University's ties to and support of nonprofit sector organizations in the Greater Milwaukee area, the State of Wisconsin, and beyond.

    The proposed program is also broadly consistent with the missions and strategic academic plans of its two principal sponsoring academic units at UWM: the College of Letters and Science and the School of Business Administration.

    The mission of the College of Letters and Science is to provide excellent instruction and conduct high-quality research in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. The College functions within the evolving role of American liberal arts colleges: seeking out, preserving, and transmitting knowledge to provide an intellectual foundation in the basic areas of knowledge and to foster critical thinking about human problems and their solutions.

    To accomplish its mission, the College strives:

    • to maintain and develop excellent academic and professional graduate programs in a variety of fields;
    • to recruit and retain well-qualified graduate students; to ensure that each one receives a rigorous and closely-supervised education in his or her field of study;
    • to recruit and retain an outstanding faculty and staff members; to encourage and support original and significant scholarship, research, and creative activity;
    • to maintain strong partnerships with local organizations and communities and to offer a wide range of cultural programs for the general public;
    • to encourage multi-cultural understanding by promoting diversity in the student body, faculty, and staff, and in the curriculum.

    Many of the academic disciplines and departments represented in the College of Letters and Science are vitally important to the development of high quality professional educational programs designed to meet the needs of those who would pursue careers in nonprofit sector organizations. Such disciplines as history, philosophy, communications, political science, economics, sociology, public administration, and urban studies all contribute knowledge and skills important for successful professional careers in the many different types of nonprofit organizations.

    The mission of the School of Business Administration is to "deliver high quality technology-enhanced management education to a diverse group of graduate and undergraduate students and practicing executives and professionals." This mission statement is broadly applicable to the development of an array of graduate certificate and degree programs designed "to prepare students to assume general management or functional specialist positions with potential for senior level leadership positions" in nonprofit sector organizations as well as in business and government.

    Many of the academic disciplines represented in the School of Business Administration also are very important for the development of high quality academic programs designed for nonprofit managers and leaders. Such disciplines as accounting, financial management, organizational behavior, information technology, and marketing all contribute knowledge and skills important to successful nonprofit sector careers.

    2.4 Program Array History

    UW System Administration will provide this information.

  3. NEED

    3.1 Comparable Programs in Wisconsin

    There are no comparable master's degree programs in the State of Wisconsin. That is to say, there are no other master's degree programs in Wisconsin that are designed principally and specifically for managers and leaders of a wide variety of types of nonprofit sector organizations. There are, of course, a number of master's degree programs in business administration offered in Wisconsin colleges and universities that are designed primarily for people pursuing careers in for-profit business organizations. Similarly, there are master's degree programs in public administration designed primarily for people pursuing careers in government. A few of these M.B.A. and M.P.A. programs, including those here at UWM, have added an elective "concentration" or "track" in nonprofit management consisting of a few courses with a nonprofit focus. However, in none of these other master's degree programs has the entire curriculum been designed primarily for, and specifically to meet the needs of the managers and leaders of, nonprofit sector organizations.

    Wisconsin colleges and universities also offer master's degree programs in such areas as health administration, education administration, arts administration, law, social work, nursing, and other "industry-specific" or professional fields that have curricula designed for people pursuing careers in those industries or professions. However, the proposed program would be the first master's degree program in Wisconsin that has been designed primarily and specifically to provide the multi-disciplinary knowledge and skills necessary for people who wish to maximize their effectiveness as professional managers and leaders in any of a wide variety of types and sizes of nonprofit sector organizations.

    Precisely because the proposed M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership degree program would be the first of its kind offered in the State of Wisconsin, its impact on the array of programs offered by the University of Wisconsin, system-wide, would be to enhance that program array-and not to duplicate any part of it. Moreover, this addition to the array of educational programs offered by the University of Wisconsin System is a targeted response to the management and leadership needs of an increasingly important segment of the economy and workforce in the Greater Milwaukee area and throughout the State of Wisconsin.

    The new program will draw from existing strengths among the faculty members and the curricula at UWM. The Urban Studies Program offers an interdisciplinary M.S. degree in the social sciences that provides training in and research about the nonprofit sector and its interactions with the government and "for-profit" sectors. The Masters of Public Administration (M.P.A.) program at UWM prepares people for "public service" careers--broadly defined to include careers in "public benefit" nonprofit organizations. The School of Business Administration provides faculty research expertise and instructional experience in a range of core management functions that are essential to the management of organizations of all kinds, including nonprofit sector organizations. In short, the new program will meld the research and instructional expertise of the social sciences faculty in the College of Letters and Science and the management faculty in the School of Business Administration in a curriculum that is appropriate for the managers and leaders of nonprofit sector organizations. The proposed program has the support of the above-mentioned programs and faculty members and program directors in the Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, the Peck School of the Arts, the School of Education, and other campus units.

    3.2 Comparable Programs Outside Wisconsin

    There are a number of excellent master's degree programs in nonprofit management and leadership or philanthropic studies in colleges and universities across the United States that are comparable to the proposed program. These include programs at the University of San Francisco; Indiana University in Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana; Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio; and the New School, a university in New York City. However, the only fully comparable master's degree program in neighboring states that is available to Wisconsin residents (other than to those residents who might wish to relocate to Indiana or Ohio) is the Master of Management in Nonprofit Administration degree offered at the School of Business and Nonprofit Administration at North Park University in Chicago, Illinois. The curriculum of this master's degree program-like that of the proposed M.S in Nonprofit Management degree program at UWM-was designed primarily and specifically for the managers and leaders of nonprofit sector organizations and includes many of the same curricular topics.

    Other graduate-level programs in neighboring states that include a "concentration" of courses or a "major" that includes courses with a focus on nonprofit management and leadership-but that do not constitute a full master's degree curriculum with such a focus-include the following:

    • a "concentration" in Public and Nonprofit Leadership and Management as part of the Master of Public Policy (MPP) or Master of Public Affairs (MPA) degrees offered at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota;
    • a "major" in Public/Nonprofit Management offered as part of the Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree offered at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University;
    • a "concentration" in Nonprofit Administration as part of the Master of Science (MS) degree in Public Service Management offered at DePaul University in Chicago; and
    • a "concentration" in Nonprofit Management and Leadership as part of the Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree offered at the School of Public and Nonprofit Administration at Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

    3.3 Regional, State, and National Needs

    Employment opportunities for graduates of this program are very promising. The rapid growth of the nonprofit sector in the Greater Milwaukee region, the State of Wisconsin, and the nation over the past 25 years has produced a robust labor market that now accounts for significant shares of the employed work force. An analysis of workforce employment data for the year 2001 provided by the Wisconsin Bureau of Workforce Information and published by the Donors Forum of Wisconsin in 20024 indicates the following levels and shares of employment in nonprofit sector organizations:

      Number of Nonprofit Sector Employees Percentage Share of Employed Workforce
    Milwaukee County
    57,569
    12.5
    Greater Milwaukee
    (Milwaukee, Waukesha, Washington, and Ozaukee Counties)
    76,752
    9.8
    State of Wisconsin
    242,755
    9.0

    Nationally, paid employment in the nonprofit sector has more than doubled over the 1977 to 2001 period, increasing from 6.0 million (or 7.3 percent of the employed workforce) in 1977 to 12.5 million (or 9.5 percent of the total) in 2001. Over that same 24-year period, the average annual growth rate of employment in the nonprofit sector (2.5 percent) has exceeded that in the for-profit sector (1.8 percent) and that in the government sector (1.6 percent).5

    In the Greater Milwaukee area, two recent studies point to the growing employment opportunities for nonprofit leaders and interest in educational opportunities for leaders, managers, and other employees of nonprofit organizations. First, a study of leadership transition in nonprofit organizations located in the Greater Milwaukee area found that 66 percent of these organizations are likely to experience an executive transition in the next five years, in comparison with 56 percent over the past ten years.6 Second, a 2003 study of small- and medium-sized nonprofit organizations that serve Latino populations in the Greater Milwaukee area included the management and training needs of these organizations. Executive directors in three quarters of the organizations surveyed indicated that their staff members would benefit from training in such areas as organizational evaluation, fundraising, management growth and expansion, strategic planning, legal issues, technology acquisition and management, and budget management-all topics covered within the curriculum of the proposed master's degree program. The executives also indicated that members of the boards of directors of their organizations would also benefit from training in these areas.7

    As indicated in Section 2.1, graduate-level education for managers and leaders of nonprofit sector organizations has grown rapidly across the United States over the past two decades (to more than 100 graduate-level programs) in large part as a response to the rapid growth of the nonprofit sector itself. In a recent study, the graduates of master's degree programs in nonprofit management and leadership expressed satisfaction with the impact of the degree on their professional lives regardless of the length of time since they had completed their degree, the number of years they have worked in the nonprofit sector, and the type of nonprofit employment in which they are currently engaged.8

    Support from within the nonprofit sector itself for the development of these new educational programs has been widespread and sustained for more than two decades. Nationally, since it was founded in 1980 by John Gardner, Brian O'Connell and others, Independent Sector, the leading national association of nonprofit organizations and foundations, has actively supported both research and education in nonprofit management and leadership. Diana Aviv, the current President of Independent Sector, offers the following endorsement of these "nonprofit focused" educational programs:
    "By having courses specifically designed and focused on the range of skills that are specifically needed for nonprofit managers, we are increasing the possibility of having competent, knowledgeable, skilled people in the field working their way to top leadership positions and running the field in an effective way."9
    In addition, many national and regional foundations and other major donors have made major investments-now totaling well over $100 million since the early 1980s-in the establishment and growth of these nonprofit academic centers and programs. Over the past 20 years, just two foundations, the W. K. Kellogg Foundation and the Lilly Endowment each have invested more than $30 million in more than 20 university-based nonprofit academic centers and programs in the United States and Latin America. Other foundations and individual donors that have also made major, multi-million dollar, investments in support of these and other nonprofit academic centers and programs include: the Ford Foundation; the David and Lucile Packard Foundation; the Rockefeller Brothers Fund; the Carnegie Corporation of New York; the Mandel Family Foundations in Cleveland; the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation in Kansas City; John Whitehead and Rita and Gustave Hauser (to Harvard University): and, more recently, the Meadows Foundation (to the University of Texas at Austin).

    In Milwaukee, more than $2.1 million in philanthropic gifts and grants thus far have been contributed to the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee for the establishment and start-up phase of the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management. Three foundations-the Helen Bader Foundation, the Greater Milwaukee Foundation, and the Faye McBeath Foundation-and the United Way of Greater Milwaukee have each made multi-year grants in support of the educational and other programs of the Helen Bader Institute-specifically including support for the proposed M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership degree program.

    In all these cases, both nationally and locally, nonprofit sector leaders themselves often have taken the initiative in encouraging and supporting colleges and universities to design and implement these new nonprofit-focused academic centers and educational programs. They have done so because they are convinced that these educational programs-designed to meet their needs--are essential for the preparation of a new generation of professionally educated nonprofit managers and leaders and for the continued growth and effectiveness of the nonprofit sector itself.

    3.4 Student Demand-Future Enrollment

    Given the size of the nonprofit sector workforce in the Greater Milwaukee area, a conservative estimate of enrollments in the proposed program is 15 new students in the first year, rising to 20 new students in year two, and then achieving a steady state of 25 new students in year three and each year thereafter (see attached "Figure 1: Enrollment, Attrition, and Graduation Analysis for Proposed Master of Science in Nonprofit Management and Leadership Degree Program"). Assuming an attrition rate of 20 percent per year, the first graduates of the program would obtain their degrees in the third year of the program (10 graduates), rising to 13 graduates in the program's fourth year, and to a steady state of 16 graduates in the program's fifth and subsequent years.

    These enrollment and graduation projections are in line with those of comparable master's degree programs in other universities across the United States. For example, the Master in Nonprofit Organizations (M.N.O.) degree program at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio-a comparable size city with a comparable size nonprofit sector workforce-regularly enrolls 30-35 new masters degree students each year and has done so for more than a decade.

    An early indicator of student interest in and demand for graduate studies with a focus on nonprofit management and leadership in the Greater Milwaukee area is the enrollment attained thus far in the new Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management program at UWM. Although the more limited scope of this 15 credit-hour graduate certificate program means that it is not fully comparable to the proposed 39 credit-hour masters degree program, a total of 100 graduate students have enrolled in this program in its first two and one half years of operations.

    Some of these students, particularly those who already have a master's degree in some other field, do not plan to pursue other graduate studies in nonprofit management beyond the Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management program. For such students, or for students who might wish to combine the graduate certificate with some other degree program at UWM, this graduate certificate program option will continue to be offered. However, other students in the graduate certificate program are likely to be interested in continuing their studies by enrolling in the proposed M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership degree program. A recent survey indicates that 12 of the current students (and recent graduates) of this Graduate Certificate program are either "reasonably certain" they would apply for the proposed Master of Science in Nonprofit Management and Leadership degree program in the fall 2006 semester if it were offered at that time, or "would seriously consider" doing so.

    Currently, there are two other degree programs at UWM that have an optional "concentration" or "track" in nonprofit management, the M.P.A. and M.B.A., respectively. These program options should continue to be offered for students preferring such program emphases. However, because there currently are so few students who have elected these existing program options, and because the proposed M.S. degree program focused on nonprofit management and leadership is likely to be more appealing to students interested in pursuing careers in the nonprofit sector, the proposed program is not likely to attract a significant number of new students away from existing degree programs at UWM.

    3.5 Collaborative or Alternative Program Exploration

    Since the substantial majority of students that initially are expected to enroll in the program are likely to be working professionals living in the Greater Milwaukee area and registering for courses offered primarily in the evenings, the number of other academic institutions that would be potential collaborators in the early implementation stages of the program are likely to be those located in or relatively close to the Greater Milwaukee area. However, a number of students living in such locations as Kenosha, Racine, Waukesha, Appleton, and Madison have already enrolled in the Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management program at UWM suggesting that the proposed master's degree program is likely to have an appeal beyond Milwaukee County.

    In particular, two other UW-System campuses-UW-Parkside and UW-Oshkosh-have expressed interest in exploring opportunities for collaboration with the proposed master's degree program. Specifically, UW-Oskosh has suggested several collaborative possibilities including:

    • the possibility that students in the M.P.A. program at UW-Oshkosh who want more class work in nonprofit studies than offered there could take courses in the proposed master's degree program at UWM which could then be accepted for elective credit toward the M.P.A. degree at UW-Oshkosh;
    • the possibility that students enrolled in the proposed degree program at UWM could take courses on the UW-Oshkosh campus that could be transferred back to UWM for credit toward the proposed M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership degree; and
    • the possibility for team teaching or teacher exchange between the two programs, which would benefit both institutions.

    UWM welcomes these expressions of interest and will work actively to explore these and other collaborative possibilities with both of these UW-System campuses.

    Over time, as the program grows, it may be possible to develop articulation agreements with these and other academic institutions whereby students could take graduate courses approved for the program at more than one institution or to develop other, mutually-beneficial collaborative arrangements.

    As discussed in sections 3.1 and 3.2, above, the proposed program would be the first of its kind offered anywhere in the State of Wisconsin precisely because it is not a sub-major in conjunction with some existing program. There are several major reasons why offering this program as a sub-major in some existing program at UWM would be a less desirable option. First, the content of the curriculum that best prepares students for careers as nonprofit managers and leaders is sufficiently broad and different in curricular content than the content in existing degree programs that it calls for its own, fully elaborated, master's degree curriculum. This is not to say that it is impossible to design a nonprofit-focused sub-major as part of some other existing program; UWM and many other academic institutions outside the State of Wisconsin have already done so. However, in contrast to the three or four graduate courses that typically make up such nonprofit sub-majors, the proposed program initially would include a minimum of twelve "nonprofit focused" graduate courses, and could add several more as enrollment in the program grows.

    Second, as the nonprofit sector itself has grown in size and importance, there has been a growing recognition by university faculty members from a wide range of academic disciplines, that the multi-disciplinary body of knowledge and skills desirable for highly effective nonprofit managers and leaders is greatly enhanced by having its own integrated curricular focus. Perhaps the best evidence for this is the recent publication by the Nonprofit Academic Centers Council (NACC), an association of university-based nonprofit academic centers and programs, of a set of curricular guidelines that constitute a "model curriculum" for use by "academic institutions that provide graduate degrees in philanthropy, nonprofit management, or nonprofit sector studies."10 As described more fully in Section 4.5, below, the curriculum of the proposed master's degree program at UWM has been designed to be consistent with these curricular guidelines.

    With respect to the proposed program, UWM faculty members and officials and the leaders of the Milwaukee-area foundations and other nonprofit organizations that together have led the efforts to develop and implement an array of graduate-level educational programs at UWM (some of them as sub-majors within other programs and some as "combination" degree and certificate programs) have overwhelmingly recommended that the proposed program be established, not as a "sub-major" or "concentration" within some other degree program, but as a full-fledged master's degree equal in quality and stature to any other at UWM.11

  4. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION

    4.1. Objectives

    The proposed M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership is a joint venture of the College of Letters and Science and the School of Business Administration at UWM. The proposed program is designed to provide students with the essential management and leadership knowledge and skills needed to successfully pursue or advance careers in nonprofit sector organizations. The curriculum emphasizes:

    • A broad understanding of the social, economic, and political roles and functions of nonprofit sector organizations and their interdependent relationships with government, business, and the public at large
    • The governance and executive leadership of nonprofit organizations and the legal, ethical, and public policy contexts within which nonprofit managers and leaders function
    • A set of core management and leadership functions related to generating and managing financial and human resources in nonprofit organizations and providing services in pursuit of the missions of these organizations.

    4.2 Curriculum

    The curriculum for the proposed M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership was designed by a multi-disciplinary group of more than 20 faculty members drawn from five schools and colleges at UWM (the College of Letters and Science, the School of Business Administration, the Peck School of the Arts, the School of Education, and the Helen Bader School of Social Welfare). (See the attached Figure 2: Curriculum Content and Structure and Instructional Staff for the Proposed Master of Science in Nonprofit Management and Leadership Degree.)

    The curriculum consists of 39 credit-hours of graduate-level course work including 27 credit-hours of required or "constrained choice" courses and 12 credit-hours of elective courses. No undergraduate credit-hours will be counted towards the completion of these degree requirements.

    Three new graduate-level courses will be required to implement this curriculum: a required course on Decision Making Strategies for Nonprofit Organizations, a required course on Nonprofit Strategy, and an elective course on Nonprofit Public Policy and Advocacy. All of the other required (or "constrained choice") and elective courses necessary for the proposed program already are being offered as part of the nonprofit "track" in the M. B. A. program, the nonprofit "concentration as part of the M. P. A. program, the new Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management program, or other graduate programs at UWM."

    The course in Nonprofit Strategy will serve as the integrative "capstone" requirement for the proposed program and must be taken after completing all other required or "constrained choice" course requirements (or concurrently while completing the final required or "constrained choice" course requirements).

    During the admissions process, students will be asked to show evidence of having satisfactorily completed undergraduate or higher level foundation coursework in the principles of accounting and economics. Those students who are unable to show such evidence may be admitted with these academic deficiencies but will then meet with their respective academic advisors to identify and obtain approval for what they must do to remove these deficiencies.

    To be admitted to the M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership degree program, students must possess at minimum a baccalaureate degree from an accredited college or university and have a minimum 2.75 cumulative undergraduate grade point average. Applicants must submit the following information and documents for review by the Nonprofit Management Program Faculty Committee: official transcripts from all colleges or universities previously attended, three letters of recommendation, and satisfactory scores from either the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT).

    As indicated in Figure 1, the proposed program is designed to enable working professionals studying on a part-time basis to complete the program in three years by taking a minimum of four courses each year (typically two courses each semester) plus one course during one of the summer terms after years one or two. Full-time students taking a minimum of six courses each year (typically three courses each semester) plus one course during the summer term between years one and two could complete the program in two years.

    4.3 Interrelationship with Other Curricula

    As described in Section 2.2, above, the proposed program will both support, and be supported by, other graduate programs at UWM. A substantial number of the graduate courses that will make up the proposed program already are being offered as part of the nonprofit "track" in the M. B. A. program, the nonprofit "concentration as part of the M. P. A. program, the new Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management program, or other graduate programs at UWM." In return, the courses that will be added for the proposed program will enrich the array of courses already being offered in existing programs and enable new graduate-level programs and combinations of programs to be established as described in Section 2.2. Finally, the structure of the proposed program will enable students to use their 12 elective credit-hours of course work in one of several ways including:

    • Further "generalization" of their degree program by electing additional nonprofit-focused courses in a variety of functional areas (beyond those already included in required courses) such as: nonprofit marketing management, nonprofit public policy and advocacy, nonprofit communications, etc.
    • Further "specialization" of their degree program by electing additional courses available in other graduate programs at UWM in a particular functional area such as: accounting and financial management, information technology, public policy analysis, program evaluation and organizational assessment, etc.
    • Further "specialization" of their degree program by electing course work available in other graduate programs at UWM in a variety of nonprofit sub-sector fields such as: arts and culture, education, social services, health services, economic and community development, the environment, etc.

    4.4 Method of Assessment or Evaluation

    The Committee on Reviews of the Graduate School at UWM will conduct a regular five-year review of the program, as it does for all graduate programs at UWM. In addition to academic quality assessment, which will always be fundamental to evaluating the program, significant attention will be given, in the short term, to the numbers and demographics of students who enroll and faculty members who participate in the program. Over the long term, the satisfaction of the program's students and faculty members, as well as of the employers of degree recipients will be of particular importance in the program's evaluation.

    The M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership degree also will undergo a comprehensive review every two years by the Nonprofit Management Program Faculty Committee (see Appendix B).

    4.5 Accreditation Requirement

    There is no program-specific accreditation for the proposed program currently available. However, as noted in Section 3.5, above, the Nonprofit Academic Centers Council, Inc. (NACC), an association of university-based nonprofit academic centers and programs, has published a set of "curricular guidelines" for graduate degrees in philanthropy, nonprofit management, or nonprofit sector studies (see Footnote #7). Although NACC has no current plans to begin using these guidelines for the purpose of formally accrediting such programs, it appears likely that these curricular guidelines will become the nationally recognized standards for such degrees.

    The proposed M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership at UWM has been designed to be consistent with NACC's curricular guidelines. In the event that NACC decides to begin accrediting such graduate programs, it would be highly advantageous for UWM to seek such accreditation.

    4.6 Diversity

    Diversity is a central value of the proposed program and will be a prominent feature of many aspects of the program's operations including the following:

    • Program access: Student recruitment and other program marketing will make clear that the program seeks and will support students with a broad array of racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds. When available, scholarships and other forms of financial assistance will be awarded in a manner that supports this diversity of access objective. The proposed program will maintain records, as appropriate, to document and report its achievement of this objective.
    • Curriculum content: Coursework will be designed to ensure that diversity topics and issues will be infused in course content through the appropriate use of historical and contemporaneous contexts and references, examples, case studies, audio-visual teaching and learning aids, guest speakers, and other pedagogical methods and supporting materials. Periodically, the proposed program will assess the content and pedagogy of courses to ensure the achievement of this objective.

    4.7 Strengths or Unique Features

    The proposed program has two special strengths that are important, if not entirely unique, in programs of this kind at other universities across the United States. They are:

    • The extensive, and intentional, multi-disciplinary character of the curriculum and the interest and willingness of faculty members from "across the UWM campus" to participate in the program's design and implementation. This greatly increases the likelihood that the program will provide the knowledge and skill sets that are most needed to enable nonprofit managers and leaders to pursue successful and effective careers in nonprofit sector organizations.
    • The strong support for this program among foundation officials and the leaders of many other nonprofit organizations in the Greater Milwaukee area. The support of these nonprofit leaders has already been demonstrated in many ways including their active participation with University faculty members in the curriculum design process, their provision of extra-mural gifts and grants to support the proposed program, and their endorsement of the recommendation that the University seek approval for a new multi-disciplinary master's degree program in nonprofit management and leadership that would be (at least) equal in quality and stature to any other master's degree program at UWM.

    4.8 Career Advising

    Advisory services will be available to students in the proposed program from faculty advisors from the various academic departments and programs in the College of Letters and Science and from a "liaison advisor" to the M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership program to be appointed by the School of Business Administration from its professional advising staff. The advisors will assist students in planning their programs of study. They also will provide services such as program counseling, course selection, registration guidance, credit transfer, and appeal procedures. In addition, they will perform reviews to ensure smooth processing of graduation activities. Academic staff members of the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management will assist the advisors in carrying out these functions.

    Career advising and placement services will be provided by the program directors of the Master's degree programs in Public Administration and Urban Studies, the chairs of other academic programs in the College of Letters and Science, the academic staff members of the School of Business Administration's Career Services Center, and the academic staff members of the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management.

    4.9 Outreach

    Since the majority of students expected to enroll in the proposed program are likely to be "mid-career" professionals with substantial working experience, there is no uniform internship requirement for all students. However, participating faculty members and the academic staff members of the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management may arrange internships for those students for whom that may be appropriate. In addition, at the discretion of instructors in the program, students may be assigned "service learning" and other field-based projects that will both enhance student learning and provide important services to nonprofit organizations in the Greater Milwaukee area.

    4.10 Integration of Appropriate Technology and Instructional Design

    The multi-disciplinary Nonprofit Management Program Faculty Committee that has been established as the principal faculty governing body for the proposed program will oversee the integration of technology that is appropriate to the nature and objectives of the program. Many of the faculty members teaching nonprofit-focused courses that are already being offered as part of the Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management are using such technology with the support of UWM's Learning Technology Center. Faculty members assigned to develop additional courses for the proposed program will be encouraged to do likewise.

    In general, students will be encouraged and taught how to make use of the Internet and other modern communications technologies throughout the proposed program. In particular, the use of such technologies will be required for the successful completion of many of the courses in the curriculum of the proposed program

    4.11 Collaboration and Distance Education

    Currently, there are no plans in place to implement the proposed program through distance education or other alternative delivery methods. However, since the proposed program, at least initially, would be the only one of its kind in the State of Wisconsin, and the need for such a program extends across the State, the feasibility of delivery modes other than that being proposed merits careful consideration after the program is implemented at UWM. Moreover, as described more fully in Section 3.5 above, UWM welcomes collaboration with other UW-System institutions and would be willing to explore how such collaborations might be used to deliver the program in distance education or other alternative delivery formats.

    4.12 Access for Individuals with Disabilities

    The proposed program will make full use of the services of the Student Accessibility Center at UWM to ensure that individuals with disabilities are able to enroll and take full advantage of the courses and other co-curricular activities associated with the program.

  5. PERSONNEL

    5.1 Faculty Members Participating Directly in the Program

    Faculty members who will participate directly in the proposed program as instructors, student advisors, and/or members of the Nonprofit Management Program Faculty Committee include the following (see Appendix B for structure and functions of the Nonprofit Management Program Faculty Committee and Appendix C for abbreviated curricula vitae):

    • Margo J. Anderson, Professor, History, College of Letters and Science
    • Patricia J. Arnold, Associate Professor, Accounting, School of Business Administration
    • John Bohte, Assistant Professor, Political Science, College of Letters and Science
    • Rita H. Cheng, Provost and Vice Chancellor of Academic Affairs and A. O. Smith Professor, Accounting, School of Business Administration
    • Marcus E. Ethridge, Professor, Political Science and Chair, Department of Political Science, College of Letters and Science
    • Sarah J. Freeman, Associate Professor, Organizations and Strategic Management, School of Business Administration
    • Ann L. Greer, Professor, Sociology, College of Letters and Science
    • Douglas M. Ihrke, Associate Professor, Political Science, and Director, Master in Public Administration program, College of Letters and Science
    • Yi-ching Kao, Assistant Professor, Management Information Systems, School of Business Administration
    • Robert Kozub, Associate Professor, Taxation, School of Business Administration
    • Mordecai Lee, Associate Professor, Governmental Affairs, School of Continuing Education
    • Larry G. Martin, Professor, Administrative Leadership, School of Education
    • William W. Mayrl, Associate Professor, Sociology and Chair, Department of Sociology, College of Letters and Science
    • Ralitza Nikolaeva, Assistant Professor, Marketing, School of Business Administration
    • Deborah L. Padgett, Associate Professor, Helen Bader School of Social Welfare
    • Laura A. Peracchio, Professor, Marketing, School of Business Administration
    • Stephen L. Percy, Professor, Political Science, College of Letters and Science and Chancellor's Deputy for the Milwaukee Idea
    • Joel S. Rast, Assistant Professor, Political Science, College of Letters and Science
    • Romila Singh, Assistant Professor, Organizations and Strategic Management, School of Business Administration
    5.2 Advisory Faculty and Academic Staff Members

    Faculty and academic staff members (other than those listed in Section 5.1) who will be involved in the program in a related or advisory capacity include the following:

    • William Robert Bucker, Professor and Dean, Peck School of the Arts
    • David P. Clark, Assistant Professor, English, College of Letters and Science
    • Ian Harris, Professor, Education Policy and Community Studies, College of Letters and Science
    • Richard D. Marcus, Associate Professor, Finance, School of Business Administration
    • Janice Miller, Associate Dean, Academic Affairs, School of Business Administration
    • C. Kelly Ottman, Lecturer, Management, School of Business Administration
    • Jill Pelisek, Lawrence G. Regner Executive-in-Residence, Operations and Strategic Management, School of Business Administration
    • Belle Rose Ragins, Professor, Organizations and Strategic Management School of Business Administration
    • Terrie C. Reeves, Assistant Professor, School of Business Administration
    • John Palmer Smith, Senior Lecturer, School of Business Administration; and Executive Director, Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management
    • Fatemeh (Mariam) Zahedi, Wisconsin Distinguished Professor, Management Information Systems, School of Business Administration
    A number of these advisory faculty members participated in the design of the curriculum for the proposed program and will continue to work on the development and implementation of "combination" degree and certificate programs and other educational programs related to the proposed program. As the proposed program grows, some of these advisory faculty members may become more directly involved in teaching and other aspects of the proposed program.

    Many of these faculty members have either research interests in fields related to nonprofit management and leadership or experience working with nonprofit organizations as staff members, board members, or consultants. The Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management will work actively to provide opportunities for these and other faculty members at UWM to continue, and expand, such involvement.

    5.3 Additional Faculty Requirements

    To initiate the proposed program, no new faculty or other instructional staff members will need to be hired. The curriculum for the proposed program calls for a total of 12 "nonprofit focused" graduate courses to be taught by a total of 3.0 (FTE) faculty or other instructional staff members. Of these, nine courses already are being taught by 2.25 (FTE) faculty or other instructional staff members at UWM as part of the Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management program. Three additional courses will be developed and taught by 0.75 (FTE) faculty or other instructional staff members already employed at UWM. (See Figure 2: Curriculum Content and Structure and Instructional Staff for the Proposed Master of Science in Nonprofit Management and Leadership Degree.)

    Over the proposed program's intermediate range future (2-4 years from inception), an additional 1.0 (FTE) faculty member may need to be hired to expand the number of "nonprofit focused" elective courses and/or enable some of the faculty members currently assigned or designated to teach in the program to return to other teaching duties. The authorization and recruitment for this additional 1.0 (FTE) faculty member should occur in the program's second year and the faculty member (or members) should be hired beginning in the third year of the program.

    5.4 Academic Staff

    To initiate the proposed program, no new academic staff members will need to be hired. However, there will be a need to reallocate the assignments of two currently employed academic staff members to enable them to carry out necessary support functions for the proposed program. These reassignments will result in a total of 1.0 FTE academic staff members providing support for the proposed program (and the existing Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management program) as follows: an instructional academic staff member (0.25 FTE) to serve as an Academic Program Manager and a non-instructional academic staff member (0.75 FTE) to serve as an Academic Program Coordinator (administrative program specialist). Of these, the first, the Executive Director of the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management, already is assigned at 0.125 FTE and the second, the Administrative Program Specialist of the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management, already is assigned at 0.5 FTE. Because these academic staff positions already have been established for similar purposes with respect to the existing Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management program, no new academic staff positions are required for the proposed program.

    5.5 Classified Staff

    To initiate the proposed program, no new classified staff positions will be necessary.

  6. ACADEMIC SUPPORT SERVICES

    6.1 Library Resources

    The Golda Meir Library at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee currently has a vast array of holdings that will meet the interests and needs of individuals in the proposed program. The multi-disciplinary nature of the program allows individuals to draw on library resources appropriate to a wide range of academic disciplines including those in the social sciences and the fields of public administration and business administration. Some library resources specific to the needs of the proposed program already exist at the Golda Meir Library because of the existing nonprofit programs at UWM: the Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management program, the nonprofit "concentration" in the M.P.A. program, and the nonprofit "track" in the M.B.A. program. While it will be necessary to expand these collections to some extent, the library's interlibrary loan agreements with other institutional libraries across the country allow access to any materials that students in the proposed program will need.

    6.2 Additional Support Services

    The many educational, research, and service initiatives of the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management at UWM will be of immense value to students in the proposed M.S. in Nonprofit Management and Leadership (see Appendix A). In addition, UWM maintains a number of general access computer labs, all of which operate during evening and weekend hours. Computer support for learners is available in those labs through UWM's Division of Information and Media Technology. The College of Letters and Science and the School of Business Administration will offer computer support for the members of their faculties who are involved in the proposed program. Several campus classrooms are equipped with audio-visual and computer capabilities that permit the use of multimedia programs as part of in-class instruction. Web access for research purposes is available on campus for both faculty members and students.

  7. FACILITIES - EQUIPMENT

    7.1 Capital Resources-Existing Facilities and Capital Equipment

    There are sufficient quantities of appropriately equipped classrooms and other instructional facilities at UWM to meet the needs of the proposed program. There also are sufficient numbers of appropriately furnished and equipped offices (currently provided to the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management by the School of Business Administration) to meet the needs of the proposed program in its early stages of implementation.

    7.2 Capital Budget Needs-Additional Facilities Required

    No additional facilities or capital equipment are required for the proposed program.

    7.3 Clinical Facilities

    No clinical facilities are required for the proposed program.

  8. FINANCE

    8.1 Operating Budget Requirements

    The annual budgetary allocations required to implement the proposed program and to fund it for each of the first three years are $518,219 (First Year), $529,636 (Second Year), and $673,400 (Third Year) for a total of $1,721,255 over the first three years (see Appendix D: Budget). This three-year total consists of $1,152,929 (or 67.0 percent of the total), that are "current costs" (costs that are currently being incurred for existing programs at UWM, but that would be a part of the total costs of the proposed program), and $568,326 (or 33.0 percent of the total) that are "additional costs."

    8.2 Operating Budget-Supplies and Expense Requirements

    Non-personnel supplies and expense requirements for the proposed program are $5,000 in each of the first three years of the program for a total of $15,000 over the first three years. All of these costs are "current costs" funded by extra-mural gifts and grants and will continue to be so funded as part of the proposed program.

    8.3 Operating Budget Reallocation

    Three quarters (2.25 FTE) of the costs of faculty time required for the proposed program in each of its first two years are "current costs." One quarter (0.75 FTE) of the costs of faculty time required for the proposed program in each of its first two years are "additional costs" and will be met by reallocation of base resources. Of this amount, 0.5 FTE will be reallocated by the College of Letters and Science and 0.25 by the School of Business Administration. All of these resources are currently available for reallocation.

    8.4 Extramural Research Support

    The Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management continually seeks extramural funding to support faculty research, course development, and administrative expenses in support of educational programs at UWM with a focus on nonprofit management and leadership and closely related fields of study. Some of the current and potential funding sources for such research support include:

    • The Helen Bader Foundation
    • The Greater Milwaukee Foundation
    • The Faye McBeath Foundation
    • The Nonprofit Management Fund
    • The Nonprofit Sector Research Fund of the Aspen Institute


Table of Figures and Appendices

Figure 1: Enrollment, Attrition, and Graduation Analysis for Proposed Master of Science in Nonprofit Management and Leadership Degree Program ( Word, PDF )

Figure 2: Curriculum Content and Structure and Instructional Staff for the Proposed Master of Science in Nonprofit Management and Leadership Degree Program ( Word, PDF )

Appendix A. Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management ( Word, PDF )

Appendix B. Nonprofit Management Program Faculty Committee, Program Faculty, and Advisory Council: Structure and Function ( Word, PDF )

Appendix C. Participating Faculty Members - Vitae

Appendix D. Budget ( Word, PDF )

 

Endnotes

1Lester M. Salamon, Editor, The State of Nonprofit America (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press), 2002, p. 30.

2"Wisconsin's Nonprofit Organizations: 2002," published in 2002 by the Donor's Forum of Wisconsin, 759 North Milwaukee Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202.

3For a list of the current institutional members of the Nonprofit Academic Centers Council, see http://www.naccouncil.org/members.asp.

4"Wisconsin's Nonprofit Organizations: 2002," published in 2002 by the Donors Forum of Wisconsin, 759 North Milwaukee Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202.

5"Nonprofit Almanac: Facts and Findings," based on data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and published by Independent Sector, 1200 Eighteenth Street, Suite 200, Washington, D.C (see report available at http://www.independentsector.org/PDFs/npemployment.pdf ).

6Paige Hull Teegarden, "Nonprofit Executive Leadership and Transitions Survey 2004: Milwaukee," Research and Opinion (Volume 18, Number 1, April 2005). Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Center for Urban Initiatives and Research, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

7Stephen L. Percy, Enrique E. Figueroa, Patricia Torres, and Camila F. Alvarez, Inventory of Latino Nonprofit Organizations in Greater Milwaukee. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Center for Urban Initiatives and Research, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2003.

8Kathleen M. Fletcher, "The Impact of Receiving a Master's Degree in Nonprofit Management on Graduates' Professional Lives," a paper presented at the annual conference of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action, Montreal, Canada, November, 2002, p. 10.

9As quoted by Heather Joslyn in "Gaining Success by Degrees," The Chronicle of Philanthropy, January 8, 2004.

10"Curricular Guidelines for Graduate Study in Philanthropy, the Nonprofit Sector and Nonprofit Leadership," published in September, 2003 by the Nonprofit Academic Centers Council, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 or see online at http://www.naccouncil.org/pdf/NACC_Guidelines.pdf.

11Minutes of the Meeting of November, 2002 of the Leadership Council of the Helen Bader Institute for Nonprofit Management.


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