Edward Hopper, Early Sunday Morning (1930)
Introduction
Public history most often refers to the employment
of historians in history-related work outside of
academia, and especially to the many ways in
which historians recreate and present history to the
public–and sometimes with the public. Thus,
we find historians working in archives, museums,
historic sites, state and local historical agencies,
newspapers, businesses, trade and labor
organizations, and in all levels of government.
They work as editors, archivists, oral historians,
administrators, curators, historic preservation
specialists, writers, public policy analysts--and, lest
we forget, as historians!
This course is not an introduction to each subfield of public history.
Instead of focusing just on
the opportunities and requirements for jobs in public history, we are
primarily concerned with a
more important subject: the connection between history and public history.
More specifically, we
will explore some of the many ways people create and convey history,
some of the major themes
in community and social history, and the problems and possibilities
of working as historians in
public settings. In the Public History Program, and in this course,
we emphasize the
importance of cooperative community history--learning how to develop
sound community-
based public history programs.
Course requirements are designed to accomplish several objectives.
The readings and discussion
will introduce you to some of the current questions and concerns of
social and public historians.
They also are intended to help you think about how to become imaginative
and effective public
historians, the need to integrate more history into public history,
and ways of working more
closely with other citizens in the common enterprise of reconstructing
individual and collective
pasts. You should master the required readings, and come to class
prepared to discuss them.
You must participate in class discussions in order to get engaged in
the discussion about
issues and concerns, and, more important, to participate actively in
your own education.
Major Requirements
Your must prepare two major assignments:
1. You must create your own public history web site with links
to sites
that relate to your specific area of interest (historical museums, historic
preservation, archives administration, historical society administration,
cultural resources management). Information about this assignment
will be
presented on September 2 and September 16. For samples, see some
of the web sites produced by students in last year’s class:
Ronald Bartz
Jodi Rich
Julie Kerrsen
Lori Watkins
Chris Lese
Sarah Mast
Anna Stadick
Brook Swanson
Laura Stolz
Marianne Willers
2. As a class project, you will produce a collaborative on-line
exhibit on the
history of child labor in Milwaukee. This exhibit will be conducted
in
conjunction with a major web project being developed by Professor
James A. Marten at Marquette University on the history of children
in Milwaukee. Next semester, as part of the requirements in History
714,
Oral History, you will conduct an oral history interview that focuses on
remembrances of growing up in Milwaukee. Some of these reminiscences
may be incorporated into the on-line exhibit as well.
More information about this assignment will be provided on September 2
and
September 16.
Gaining Access to the Internet
As a course requirement, you must obtain access to the university’s
alpha computers and the
Internet by opening an account from any of the computers in the General
Access Labs on campus, the Computing Resource Center in Bolton Hall 206,
and from all History Department computers.
There is no charge for obtaining this account. Having this account
will enable you to communicate often with me with me and others in the
class. To make sure that you obtain this account, you must send me
an e-mail message by September 23. My address is listed at the top of this
page.
Here’s how to obtain your account. In the computer labs listed
below, choose “Windows” or
“Connect to the Internet” from the main menu. When asked for
a “login” and “which system,”
type “newuser” in each case the first time only. Then you will
be given information about
obtaining an account. Or, you may go through procedures on the
UWM Information
and Media
Technology
web site.
Here are locations of the Campus Computer Labs (CCL):
I&MT Resource Center:
Bolton Hall, Room W225
EMS CCL: Engineering
& Mathematical Sciences Building, Room E173
Library 1st Floor CCL : Golda
Meir Library, Room E159
Library 2nd Floor CCL: Golda Meir
Library, Room E272
Mitchell CCL: Mitchell Hall,
Room 353
Sandburg Commons: Sandburg
Residence Halls, Room C205
School of Business Administration
CCL: Business Administration Building, Room N234
Union CCL: Student Union,
Room W199
How to Get a Personal Home Page
This is the first step to developing your web site. To do this,
after you have obtained your Alpha
account, follow the instructions at the Information
and Media Technology web site.
Grades
We will negotiate a method for grading assignments and class participation.
Core Readings
The following books are available in paperback at the University bookstore.
These and the other
required readings also are on reserve in the Golda Meir Library.
1. Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig,
eds., Presenting the
Past: Essays on History and the Public. Philadelphia:
Temple University Press,
1986.
2. Michael Frisch, A Shared Authority:
Essays on the Craft and Meaning of Oral
and Public History. Albany: State University of New York
Press, 1990.
3. Mike Wallace, Mickey Mouse History
and Other Essays on American Memory.
Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996.
4. David Kyvig and Myron A. Marty, Nearby
History: Exploring the Past around
You. Nashville: American Association for State and Local
History, 1982.
5. Gerald A. Danzer, Public Places:
Exploring Their History (Nashville: AASLH,
1987).
6. T.H. Breen, Imaging The Past: East
Hampton Histories (Reading,
MA: Addison- Wesley Publishing Company, 1989).
7. Eric Foner, ed., The New American
History, rev. ed. Philadelphia: Temple
University Press, 1998.
SCHEDULE OF MEETINGS
Sept. 2 OVERVIEW AND ASSIGNMENTS
FILM: "Public History Today"
Sept. 9 WHAT IS PUBLIC HISTORY?
Assignment:
Read 1 thru 7 below.
1. “Introduction,” in Presenting the Past.
2. “Introduction,” in Mickey Mouse History.
3. Ronald J. Grele, "Whose Public? Whose History? What
is The Goal of a
Public Historian?" The Public Historian 5
(Winter 1981), 40-48.
4. Edward T. Linenthal, “Committing History in Public,” Journal
of
American History 81 (December 1994), 986-991.
5. John Kuo Wei Tchen, “Back to the Basics: Who Is Researching
and
Interpreting for whom?” Journal of American History
81 (December
1994), 1004-1010.
6. Alan Brinkley, “Historians and Their Publics, Journal
of American History
81 (December 1994), 1027-1030.
7. J. Theodore Karamanski, “Making History Whole: Public Service,
Public
History, and the Profession,” The Public Historian
12 (Summer 1990), 91-
101.
Also:
1. In Barbara J, Howe and Emory L. Kemp, eds., Public
History: An
Introduction (Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Co., 1986):
A. Frederic Miller, “Archives and Manuscripts” (pp. 36-56);
B. Barbara J. Howe, “Historic Preservation: An Interdisciplinary
Field” (pp. 158-173);
C. Steven Lubar, “Public History in a Federal Museum: The
Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History”
(pp. 218-228);
D. Douglas C. Dolan, “The Historian in the Local History
Museum” (pp. 241-250).
2. Become familiar with the many history and public history
organizations,
journals and web sites (many of which have extensive links to other public
history sites).
A. American Historical Association.
Publishes American Historical Review (journal)
and Perspectives
(newsletter).
B. Organization of American
Historians.
Publishes Journal of American History,
the Magazine of History
(for teachers) and OAH Newsletter.
C. National
Council on Public History.
Publishes The Public Historian (journal),
Public History News
(newsletter).
D. American Association for
State and Local History.
Publishes History News (magazine),
Dispatch (newsletter), and
dozens of technical leaflets.
E. American Association of
Museums.
Publishes Museum News (magazine), and
Aviso (newsletter).
F. National Trust for Historic
Preservation.
Publishes Preservation (magazine).
G. Oral History
Association.
Publishes Oral History Review (journal),
and OHA Newsletter.
H. Society of American Archivists.
Publishes American Archivist (journal),
and Archival Outlook
(newsletter).
*I. Scholar's
Guide to WWW
A staggering array of links to sites dealing with history, the humaities,
and social sciences. The best place to start.
J. Public
History Resource Center.
A new site with many useful resources.
Other useful public history web sites:
A. Center for History and New
Media at George Mason University
B. Historians
and the Web
C. Links for
the History Profession (from the OAH)
D. Wisconsin
Historical Societies
E. UWM
Public History Specialization
Sept. 16 HISTORY AND PUBLIC HISTORY ON
THE WORLD WIDE WEB:
SOME EXAMPLES
Assignment
How is history presented on the World Wide Web? What can we learn
from
history Web sites that can suggest new ways of collaborating with the public
on
history projects?
First, read:
1. Michael O’Malley and Roy Rosenzweig, “Brave New World or
Blind Alley? American History on the World Wide Web,” Journal
of American History 84 (June 1997), 132-155.
2. Sue Ann Cody, “Historical Museums on the World Wide Web:
An
Exploration and Critical Analysis,” The Public
Historian 19 (Fall
1997), 29-53.
Second, look carefully at the
following web sites and be prepared to discuss their
scope, purpose, strengths, and limitations.
1. The Center for History and New Media, The
1970 Hard Hat Riots.
From the Web Site description: “On May 8, 1970, the Dow Jones Industrial
Average dropped five points to finish at 717, in the slowest day
of trading in
months. In the streets outside the New York Stock Exchange, however,
chaos erupted: at noon, hundreds of construction workers arrived
on Wall
Street and violently disrupted a protest against the Vietnam war.
Next the
workers marched to city hall, where their rampage continued throughout
the
lunch hour. May, 1970 was one of the most turbulent months of the
"sixties"
era. How did the hard hat riots fit into a larger scene that
included
expansion of the Vietnam war, campus unrest, school busing, and
segregation in the building trades union? For that matter,
how did the
events of May 8 relate to what followed, including Archie Bunker,
Ronald
Reagan and the idea that the late sixties were dominated by
"longhaired"
protesters?
Search for clues in this site -- and find out what
brought those boots
and that long hair to Wall Street on "bloody Friday."
2. Center for History and New Media’s Blackout
History Project.
This is an interactive project about the two famous power
outages in New York City in 1965 and 1977, in which, among other things,
viewers are asked to help build the site by contributing their own memories
of these events.
3. The Lost Museum
(Landscapes in Time), a new project co-produced by the
American Social History Project and the New Media Lab at the City
University of New York.
From the web site description: “This new program on CD-ROM
and the
World Wide Web presents a different type of interactive historical
documentary that combines: the detail and scope of social history
scholarship; the capacity of multimedia to link different types of
information;
and the ability of new media to create engrossing exploratory
environments. The program focuses on one geographical location
at a
particular moment in time, allowing users to explore a dramatic
historical
"case study" in the American past. "The Lost Museum," is a multilayered
"mystery" whose meanings unfold through inquiry and exploration. Users
move through virtual environments, investigating the settings, examining
objects, interrogating people, uncovering information, and pursuing
clues t ied to the historical context -- in the process, they encounter
situations that convey the drama of the past as they also learn
about the
events, institutions, and places that shaped nineteenth-century America.
4. The American
Memory Project of the Library of Congress.
From the Web Description: “The American Memory Historical Collections,
a
major component of the Library's National Digital Library Program,
are
multimedia collections of digitized documents, photographs, recorded sound,
moving pictures, and text from the Library's Americana collections.There
are
currently over 50 collections in the American Memory Historical
Collections.”
5. The On-Line
Exhibit Hall of the National Archives and Records
Administration. Among many other things, you’ll find on-line exhibits of
famous
American documents, and of: Portrait
of Black Chicago (in the 1970s)
By Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer John H. White; When
Nixon Met
Elvis, An exhibit that tells behind-the-scenes story of the event
on
December 21, 1970; Powers of Persuasion, 33
Posters from World War II;
A New Deal for the Arts, A unique selection
of artworks, documents, and
photographs.
6. Mystic
Seaport’s Exploring Amistad site, containing great documents
about the slave revolt of 1839-1842.
7. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill site,
Exploring the American South,
which contains over 300 documents on
Southern history.
8. The University of Virginia’s Virginia Center for Digital
History famous
massive project on The
Valley of the Shadow: Two Communities in the
American Civil War.
9. The Chicago Historical Society’s The
Great Chicago Fire and the Web of
Memory
10. Anti-Imperialism
in the United States, 1898-1935, a great site with
hundreds of documents on this single theme.
11. The Virginia
Center for Digital History project site at the University of
Virginia. See Virtual Jamestown,Race and Place: African American
Community History, The Dolley Madison Project, and "One Hundred
Years of Life on the Lawn"--all virtual exhibits.
Sept. 23 ON-LINE EXHIBITS: EXAMPLES
AND REVIEWS
Assignment
Many museums present on-line versions of their exhibits. These “virtual
exhibits”
provide a wonderful opportunity to get even a small taste of exhibits in
distant
museums. Below are some samples of on-line exhibits, together with
reviews of
some of the actual versions. Look at the virtual exhibits, read the
reviews (if
available), and come prepared to discuss your favorites. What is
the relevance of
these exhibits for public history? What can we learn from them for our
own on-line
exhibit?
1. Harvey Strum, “Creating American Jews,” The
Public Historian 21 (Spring
1999), 161-165. Exhibit: Creating
American Jews at the National Museum of
American Jewish History.
2. Grace Palladino, “‘Between a Rock and a Hard Place’: A History
of American
Sweatshops, 1820-Present,” The Public Historian
21 (Winter 1999), 143-147.
Exhibit: Between
a Rock and a Hard Place at the National Museum of American
History.
3. Eugene P. Moehring, “Reconnecting the City: Encyclopedias and
Urban History,”
The Public Historian 20 (Spring 1998),
63-67.
Site: Encyclopedia of Cleveland.
4. Michael Honey, “Doing Public History at the National Civil Rights
Museum: A
Conversation with Junaita Moore,” The Public Historian
17 (Winter 1995),
71-84; and Amy Wilson, review of the National Civil Rights Museum
Permanent
Exhibition, Journal of American History 83
(December 1996), 971-976.
Exhibits at the National
Civil Rights Museum.
5. Thomas J. Jablonsky, “Neighborhoods: Keepers of the Culture,”
The Public
Historian 19 (Fall 1997), 94-98. Exhibit:
Keepers
of Culture at the Chicago
Historical Society.
6. Benamin Filene, “Settlement and Survival: Building Towns in the
Chippewa
Valley, 1850-1925,” review of permanent exhibit at the Chippewa Valley
Museum (Eau Claire, Wisconsin), Journal
of American History 84
June 1997), 167-172. No virtual exhibition, but see anyway:
the Chippewa Vally Museum web site.
7. Craig R. Olson, “Michigan in the Twentieth Century,” review of
permanent exhibit
at the Michigan Historical Museum, Journal of
American History 84 (June
1997), 181-187. On-line version of this exhibit isn’t available, but there
is a good
on-line exhibit of Michigan broadcasting from 1900-2000 at the
Michigan
Historical Museum.
8. The Historical Society
of Berks County, Massachusetts, has an on-line exhibit of
photographs of the county’s history.
9. The Common and Center
Village exhibit at Old Sturbridge Village also can be
seen on-line.
10. Oregon
State Archives Online Exhibit, Salem, OR. This online exhibit of Oregon
history features over 100 separate Web pages and nearly 250 images. The
exhibit interprets Oregon history primarily through documents and
images held
by the Oregon State Archives. Topics include prohibition in Oregon,
a
notorious prison escape, colorful Oregon trademarks, and more. A
new exhibit
is added every two months.
11.
Life at the Top in Jazz Age Toledo, a virtual exhibit at the Toledo
Topics web
site.
12. The Hidden History
of The Kovno Ghetto web exhibit at the United States
Holocaust Museum.
SPECIAL OPTIONAL TOPIC: STRUGGLES FOR MEMORY:
THE
ENOLA GAY CONTROVERSY
Assignment:
1. “History and the Public: What Can We Handle? A Round Table
about
History after the Enola Gay Controversy,” Journal
of American History 82
(December 1995), 1029-1144.
2. Wallace, Mickey Mouse History,
269-318.
3. In connection with these readings, see these on-line exhibits
and sites:
The A-Bomb WWW Museum
See also the cyber exhibit, Enola
Gay and the Atomic Bomb,
which recreates the scrubbed Enola Gay exhibit.
Sept. 30 HOW
TO CONSTRUCT WEB SITES: GETTING STARTED ON THE
CHILD LABOR ON-LINE EXHIBIT
We’ll spend this class period exploring how to construct personal web pages,
and
the web site for the class project on child labor. We’ll also begin
to develop ideas
for the kinds of printed and visual sources we’ll need for the on-line
exhibit.
Assignment
Download information from UWM that may be useful in constructing your own
site. Go to the UWM Home Page.
Under “People” click on “Personal
Web Pages”. Scroll down to “WWW/HTML information” and go to “General
WWW Information”. Download whatever looks useful.
Oct. 7
THE NEW AMERICAN HISTORY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO
PUBLIC HISTORY
In order to construct sound public history projects, public historians
need to be
aware of American historiography. What are the many sub-fields of
American
history? What questions do historians ask about these subjects?
What
methodologies are they using to find answers? Some of the essays
in the collection
edited by Eric Foner will begin to shed light on these questions.
We’ll read and
discuss essays on intellectual and cultural history, Western history, social
history,
women’s history, labor history, and more.
Assignment
Foner, The New American History, Part
II, chaps. 8-15.
Oct. 14 COLLECTIVE MEMORY
IN AMERICAN CULTURE
What is memory? What role does it play in how individuals, groups,
and nations
construct their history their identities and versions of the past?
What is the
difference between individual and collective memory? And why do public
historians need to think about these questions? Here are spme readings
to get you
thinking.
Assignment
1. Michael Frisch, "The Memory of History," in Shared
Authority.
2. David Glassberg, “Public History and the Study of Memory,”
The Public
Historian 18 (Spring 1996), 7-23.
3. “Roundtable Responses to David Glassberg’s ‘Public History
and the
Study of Memory’,” The Public Historian 19
(Spring 1997), 31-72.
4. Michael Kammen, “Some Patterns and Meanings of Memory Distortion
in
American History,” in In the Past Lane:
Historical Perspectives on
American Culture (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1997), chap. 8.
5. David B. Blight, “‘For Something beyond the Battlefield’:
Frederick
Douglass and the Memory of the Civil War,” Journal
of American History
75 (March 1989), 1156-1178.
6. Wallace, Mickey Mouse History,
Section 1.
Oct. 21 IMAGINING THE PAST?
In the 1980's, T.H. Breen, from Northwestern University, was hired by the
East
Hampton Historical Society to write the history of a small farmstead rooted
deep
in the area’s history. Breen discovered that the history surrounding
the dilapidated
farmstead included controversies that were still very much alive among
the divided
townspeople as they had been generations ago. What’s the value of
this book–and
Breen’s project–for public historians?
Assignment
Breen, Imagining the Past.
Oct. 28 WORK WEEK
We’ll devote this class period to conceptualizing the on-line exhibit and
completing
the research strategy for it.
Nov. 4
CONCEPTUALIZING COMMUNITY HISTORY AND COMMUNITY
HISTORY PROJECTS
Assignment
1. Linda Shopes, "Oral History and Community Involvement,"
in Presenting
The Past .
2. Jeremy Brecher, "A Report on Doing History from Below,"
in Presenting
The Past.
3. Michael Frisch, "Quality in History Programs: From Celebration
to
Exploration of Values," in Frisch, A Shared
Authority.
4. Janice L. Reiff and Susan E. Hirsch, "Pullman and Its Public:
Image and
Aim in Making and Interpreting History," The Public
Historian 11 (Fall
1989), 99-112.
5. Michael Frisch, "Town into City: A Reconsideration on the
Occasion of
Springfield's 350th Anniversary, 1636-1986;" and "Audience Expectations
as Resource and Challenge: Ellis Island as a Case Study;" in A
Shared
Authority.
6. Delores Hayden, "The Power of Place: A Proposal for Los
Angeles," The
Public Historian 19 (Summer 1988),
5-18.
7. Michael Gordon, “Staging The Line: The Creation of a Play
about the
Patrick Cudahy Meat Packing Strike of 1987-1989,” Labor’s
Heritage 9
(Fall 1997), 58-77.
Special Reports
1. Gerald Sider, “Against Experience: The Struggles for History,
Tradition,
and Hope among Native American People,” in Sider and Gavin Smith, eds.,
Between History and Histories: The Making of Silences
and
Commemorations (Toronto: University
of Toronto Press, 1997), 62-79.
2. Louise Lamphere, “Work and the Production of Silence,” in
Sider and
Smith, Between History and Histories,
pp. 263-283.
3. Martha K. Norkunas, The Politics
of Public Memory: Tourism, History,
and Ethnicity in Monterey, California (Albany:
SUNY Press, 1993),
Introduction and Chapter 2.
Nov. 11 HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH ON COMMUNITY HISTORY
These are two good guides to local history research. All public historians
need to
know how to find and use local primary sources.
Assignment
1. Kyvig and Marty, Nearby History:
Exploring the Past Around You (read
selected chapters).
2 Danzer, Public Places:
Exploring Their History
Also
Skim the other following books in the "Nearby History" series, all published
by the
AASLH (all on reserve, except the last, which is in Reference and cannot
be
checked out):
A. Ronald E. Butchart, Local Schools:
Exploring Their History
(1986).
B. Delores A. Fleming, Houses and
Homes: Exploring Their History
(1987).
C. Gerald A. Danzer, Public Places:
Exploring Their History (1987).
D. James P. Wind, Places of Worship:
Exploring Their
History (1990).
E. K. Austin Kerr, Amos J. Lovejoy, and Mansell G. Blackford,
Local
Businesses: Exploring Their History (1990).
Nov. 18 FILM AND HISTORY
Back by popular request (mine and others), a section on history in film,
mainly
because people’s perceptions about the past may partly be shaped how they
see
history portrayed in movies, documentaries, and docudramas. We’ve
see parts of
several documentaries and feature-length films in class, and also discuss
some of
the readings.
Assignment
1. Daniel Leab, “The Moving Image as Interpreter of History–telling
the
Dancer from the Dance,” in John E. O’Connor, ed., Image
as Artifact: The
Historical Analysis of Film and Television (Malabar,
GL: Robert E.
Krieger Publishing, 1990), 203-216.
2. Robert A. Rosenstone, “History in Images/History in
Words: Reflections
on the Possibility of Really Putting History into film,” American
Historical
Review 93 (December 1988), 1173-1185.
3. David Herlihy, “Am I a Camera? Other Reflections
on Film and History,”
American Historical Review 93 (December
1988), 1186-1192.
4. Robert Brent Toplin, “The Filmaker as Historian,” American
Historical
Review 93 (December 1988), 1210-1227.
5. Daniel Walkowitz, “Visual History: The Craft of the
Historian-Filmmaker,”
The Public Historian 7 (Winter 1985),
53-64.
Reviews
1. Leslie Fishbein, review of John Sayles' "Matewan,"
History and Film 18
(1988).
2. Bertram Wyatt-Brown, review of "Amistad," Journal
of American History 85
(December 1998), 1174-1176.
3. Lawrence H. Suid review of "Saving Private Ryan,"
Journal of American History
85 (December 1998), 1185-1186.
4. Brian Mitchell, review of "Out of Ireland," Journal
of American History 82
(December 1995), 1316- 317. (UWM: VHS 2363 ,111 min.)
Examines the history of the seven million Irish who emigrated in the 18th,
19th and 20th centuries including the causes of the exodus and the
immigrant experience in the United States. Uses photographs, archival
footage, manuscript material and interviews.
5. Peter Gottlieb, review of "Goin’ to Chicago"
(1994), Journal of American
History 82 (December 1995), 1321-1323. (UWM: VHS 2122 ,70 min.).
A group of longtime Chicago residents returns to Greenville, Mississippi
for a reunion with family and friends. Participants talk about their
lives and
their reasons for moving north. Includes historical footage of Mississippi
and Chicago.
6. Beth Bailey, review of "Days of Waiting," Journal
of American History 82
December 1995), 1324- 325. (UWM: VHS 1906, 30 min.).
Documentary about artist Estelle Peck Ishigo, a Caucasian woman interned
during World War II with her Japanese American husband at Heart
Mountain Relocation Center, Wyo. Vivid portrayal through her words
and
drawings and through photographs of the deprivations and humiliations of
camp life, and the difficulties of readjustment at war's end.
7. Michael Gordon, review of "The Uprising of ‘34," The
Public Historian 3
(Summer 1996), 102-103.
Nov. 25 THANKSGIVING
Dec. 2
MUSEUMS, MATERIAL CULTURE, AND HISTORY
Assignment
1. Thomas Schlereth, "History Museums and Material Culture,"
in Warren
Leon and Roy Rosenzweig, eds., History Museums
in the United States: A
Critical Assessment (Urbana: University
of Illinois Press, 1989).
2. Wallace, Mickey Mouse History,
Section II.
3. John Bodnar, "Symbols and Servants: Immigrant America and
the Limits of
Public History," Journal of American History 73 (June 1986), 7-151.
4. Thomas A. Woods, “Getting Beyond the Criticism of History
Museums: A
Model for Interpretation,” The Public Historian
12 (Summer 1990), 77-
90.
5. James Oliver Horton and Spencer R. Crew, "Afro-Americans
and
Museums: Towards a Policy of Inclusion," in Leon and Rosenzweig, eds.,
History Museums in the United States.
6. Mary H. Blewett, "Machines, Workers, and Capitalists: The
Interpretation
of Textile Industrialization in New England Museums," in ibid.
7. Michael Wallace, "Industrial Museums and the History of
Deindustrialization," The Public Historian 9
(Winter 1987), 9-20.
Dec. 9
PRESENTATION OF EXHIBIT AND WEB SITES
Return: Public
History Specialization 
Return: Michael
Gordon's Page
