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Continuity composite functions

Suppose that $f:D\rightarrow(-\infty,\infty)$,$g:E\rightarrow(-\infty,\infty)$, and the range of f is contained in E. Then it makes sense to define $g\circ
f:D\rightarrow(-\infty,\infty)$ by the rule $(g\circ f)(x) = g(f(x))$. What we will now show is that if f is continous at a and g is continuous at f(a) then $g\circ
f$ is continuous at a. To do this we have to show that

\begin{displaymath}
\lim_{x\rightarrow a}(g\circ f)(x) = g(f(a))\end{displaymath}

That is, for every t > 0 we have to produce mt so that if $x\in D$ and 0 < |x-a| < mt then $\vert(g\circ f)(x) - g(f(a))\vert < t$. We will go in two stages. Remember first that g is continuous at f(a), so that for every t > 0 we can find pt > 0 so that if $u\in E$ and 0 < |u - f(a)| < pt then |g(u) - g(f(a))| < t. Secondly, remember that since f is continuous at a, given this pt > 0 we can find mt so that if $x\in D$ and 0 < |x-a| < mt then |f(x) - f(a)| < pt.

Now we reason as follows. If $x\in D$ and 0 < |x-a| < mt then |f(x) - f(a)| < pt. If f(x) = f(a) then |g(f(x))-g(f(a))| = 0 < t. If $f(x) \neq f(a)$ then $f(x)\in E$ and 0 < |f(x) - f(a)| < pt, so |g(f(x)) - g(f(a))| < t. Since $\vert g(f(x)) - g(f(a))\vert = \vert(g\circ f)(x) -
g(f(a))\vert$ we have shown that if $x\in D$ and 0 < |x-a| < mt then $\vert(g\circ f)(x) - g(f(a))\vert < t$, as required.


next up previous contents
Next: Differentiabilty and continuous difference Up: More on composite functions Previous: More on composite functions
David G Radcliffe
8/18/1998