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Chapter 1 - Self Test

Fill in the correct response.

1. The three components of every atom are , , and .
2. An atom of Carbon-14 (14C) has how many of each of the following: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
3. have equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.
4. is the process by which unstable isotopes disintegrate and emit energy.
5. To "activate" materials means to make them .
6. The is the amount of time required for a quantity of radioisotope to decrease to one-half of its original amount.
7. One curie (Ci) of activity represents disintegrations per second.
8. The amount of X- or gamma rays present is measured in .
9. One becquerel (1 Bq) is equivalent to disintegrations per second (dps).
10. The amount of energy absorbed from a radioactive source is measured in .
11. One rem is equal to millirem.
12. The most penetrating forms of ionizing radiation are .

Chapter 2 - Self Test

1. Radiation is detected by measuring the amount of in the device.
2. GM meters can be used to radiation or contamination.
3. LEG meters are used to monitor low energy emitting radionuclides.
4. Liquid scintillation counters are ideal for counting emitting radionuclides and can also measure low energy gamma emitters.
5. A portable survey meter's dial often has scales with units of and .
6. The ratio of measured counts to the number of decays which occur in a measured time (CPM/DPM) will determine the of a liquid scintillation counter.
7. Beta particles absorbed by LSC cocktail produce flashes.
8. Persons working with tritium do not need to wear a .
9. Ring badges should be worn on the hand with the greatest .
10. are received and maintained by the Radiation Safety Program. You can request your at any time by contacting this office.

Chapter 3 - Self Test

Fill in or select the correct response.

1. effects result from damage to a person's cells and only affect the irradiated person.
2. effects can be passed on the future generations.
3. Inside the body, radioisotopes emitting radiations are the most harmful.
4. Biological half-life measures how long it takes for the original amount of isotope to be from the body.
5. The unborn child is "more" or "less" sensitive to radiation than the mother.
6. The embryo/fetus should be exposed to no more than mR during the entire pregnancy.
7. Unlike "pure" radionuclides, radioactive compounds used to provide information about cell processes are "more" or "less" of an internal hazard.
8. Among general safety rules, good housekeeping and cleanliness are important. Additionally, wear gloves and mouth pipette any solution.
9. Acute radiation effects are or are not likely at the University.
10. Beta emitters with maximum energies less than keV are not external radiation hazards.

Chapter 4 - Self Test

Fill in the correct response.

1. The average annual radiation exposure we receive in the U.S. due to natural background radiation sources is approximately mrem/year, which is further broken down into mrem/year from natural sources and mrem/year from man-made sources.
2. The annual whole body dose limit for a radiation worker is mrem/year.
3. The maximum hand or extremity dose limit for a radiation worker is mrem/year.
4. The maximum dose limit for an individual member of the general public is mrem/year.
5. The maximum dose limit for the unborn child of a declared pregnant worker is mrem in 9 months.

Chapter 5 - Self Test

Fill in the correct response.

1. The three factors which influence radiation exposure are , , and .
2. Shield gamma emitters with materials.
3. Lucite is the best material to shield high energy emitters.
4. Procedures that may produce radioactive vapors, aerosols or dusts must be done in a .
5. Moving twice as far away from a source of radiation reduces the dose by a factor of .
6. Do or Do Not store food or drink containers in refrigerators within radionuclide laboratories.
7. Do or Do Not eat, drink, smoke or mouth pipette in a radiation work area.
8. Alway do radiation work on a which is capable of containing the entire volume of a liquid radioactive spill.
9. Do or Do Not work with radioactive materials if you have an open cut.
10. If you are contaminated with radioactivity, the contaminated area, then contact Radiation Safety.

Chapter 6 - Self Test

Fill in the correct response.

1. Laboratories in which radioactive materials are used must be surveyed every in which radioactive materials are used.
2. which are counted in a liquid scintillation counter are the most effective method of surveying for tritium or ¹⁴C contamination.
3. After administering high level beta or gamma emitters to an animal, a meter survey of adjacent uncontrolled areas should be performed to ensure exposure levels do not exceed and cumulatively .
4. Radiation Safety Should or Should Not be notified when ordering material from a vendor on a blanket account or running order.
5. Three ways to dispose of radioactive wates are:
6. The Radiation Safety Program will not accept waste that is improperly or .
7. Short-lived (half-lives less than 30 days) radioisotopes may be held for radioactive decay. After half-lives, only 0.1% of the original activity will remain.
8. In the event of a spill of less than 1 mCi or radioisotope you should attempt to the spread of radioactive material.
9. Persons working nearby should be of a radioactive spill.
10. Clean up of a spill is complete when the survey meter or wipe tests show that radiation levels are less than times background levels and/or disintegrations per minute.